Team Blitz India
EUROPE last week reached a provisional deal on landmark European Union (EU) rules governing the use of artificial intelligence (AI) including governments’ use of AI in biometric surveillance and how to regulate AI systems such as ChatGPT.
As per reports, with the political agreement, the EU moves towards becoming the first major world power to enact laws governing AI. The deal between EU countries and European Parliament members came after nearly 15 hours of negotiations that followed an almost 24-hour debate the previous day.
The two sides are set to hash out details in the coming days, which could change the shape of the final legislation. “Europe has positioned itself as a pioneer, understanding the importance of its role as a global standard setter. This is yes, I believe, a historical day,” European Commissioner Thierry Breton told a press conference.
The accord requires foundation models such as ChatGPT and general purpose AI systems (GPAI) to comply with transparency obligations before they are put on the market. These include drawing up technical documentation, complying with EU copyright law and disseminating detailed summaries about the content used for training.
High-impact foundation models with systemic risk will have to conduct model evaluations, assess and mitigate systemic risks, conduct adversarial testing, report to the European Commission on serious incidents, ensure cybersecurity and report on their energy efficiency. GPAIs with systemic risk may rely on codes of practice to comply with the new regulation.
Governments can only use real-time biometric surveillance in public spaces in cases of victims of certain crimes, prevention of genuine, present, or foreseeable threats, such as terrorist attacks, and searches for people suspected of the most serious crimes.
The agreement bans cognitive behavioural manipulation, untargeted scrapping of facial images from the internet or CCTV footage, social scoring and biometric categorisation systems to infer political, religious, philosophical beliefs, sexual orientation and race.
Consumers would have the right to launch complaints and receive meaningful explanations while fines for violations would range from 7.5 million euros ($8.1 million) or 1.5 per cent of turnover to 35 million euros or 7 per cent of global turnover. Business group DigitalEurope criticised the rules as yet another burden for companies, on top of other recent legislation.
Privacy rights group European Digital Rights was equally critical. “It’s hard to be excited about a law which has, for the first time in the EU, taken steps to legalise live public facial recognition across the bloc,” its senior policy advisor Ella Jakubowska said.
